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The number of mailboxes is defined in your Server Config Doc, under Router/SMTP -> Basics. It is a recommended practice to have at least 2 mailboxes. Depending on the size of your organization and number of clients, you may even experiement with 3 or 4.
Multiple mailboxes come in handy if the mail.box becomes corrupted. If you have multiple mail.boxes, when one is corrupt, the others can handle mail delivery until you are able to resolve the issue. With only one mail.box, you could stop mail delivery if it becomes corrupt.
Mail.boxes are created on server startup based on your server config doc, but they are never deleted automatically. If you want to delete extra mail.boxes, you can to shutdown the router and SMTP, dbcache flush on the console and delete them via the Admin client, or shut down the server and delete at the OS level.
If you only started with one mail.box (the default), you will have a 'mail.box' file. If you set the config doc to create multiple mail.box files, they will be labeled mail1.box, mail2.box, etc.
If you don't already know these commands, they come in handy when working with your mail.boxes, router, and mail routing:
tell router show
tell router compact
restart task router
trace
On occasions in the past, I have had problems with mail.boxes which required shutting down the server, moving the mail.box files to another location, then restarting the server to have it rebuild new mail.boxes. Then I have copied the documents from the backup mail.boxes into the active mail.boxes, sometimes finding a corrupt document that was keeping all my mail from delivering on a server.
Brian
Feedback response number WEBB95JNN9 created by ~Julia Quetjipytexings on 03/06/2013